Active clinical trials for "Obesity"

The purpose of the study is to see if a twelve-week exercise intervention in overweight or obese subjects with pre-diabetes or early disease course type 2 diabetes can lead to improved skeletal muscle capillary blood flow by improving substances that dilate blood vessels and result in improved insulin sensitivity.

The study investigates whether a long-term 25% caloric restriction can prevent onset and/or progression of renal function deterioration, retinal involvement and cardiovascular complications in overweight/obese type 2 diabetic patients, trough the amelioration of concomitant metabolic abnormalities such as visceral obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension and inflammation. The main aim of the study is therefore to evaluate the role of calorie restriction (CR) on subjects at risk of nephropathy. Secondary aims are to better understand the relationship between CR and the following aspects: renal disease and its associated metabolic abnormalities, retinopathy and cardiovascular complications, quality of life and treatment cost.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether an integrated behavioral treatment approach can help overweight or obese individuals who also have chronic pain reduce their weight and manage their pain symptoms. The goal of this research is to develop better treatments for individuals with chronic pain and overweight or obesity. All participants in this study will receive treatment for weight management and/or pain symptoms. Participants will be assigned at random (like we picked it blindly out of a hat) to receive either: (1) Standard behavioral treatment for weight loss; or (2) Standard behavioral treatment for pain management; or (3) Integrated behavioral treatment for weight loss and pain.

Stretching and flexibility exercise such as yoga and functional resistance exercise are two forms of exercise that are growing in popularity. However, they have not been scientifically tested to demonstrate their ability to improve body composition, fitness, heart and metabolic health, and mood state in overweight/obese women. The investigators hypothesize that during an 11 week intervention, both forms of exercise will improve body composition, heart and metabolic health and mood state.

The goal of this study is to determine the hormonal/metabolic reponse to ingestion of sugar compared to consuming artificial sweetened drink, and to evalute macronutrient consumption 24 hours post ingestion of the drinks. We hypothesize that artificially sweetened (AS) consumption will lead to a relatively similar hormonal/metabolic responses as glucose consumption and therefore to secondary rise of caloric intake.

The purpose of the study is to determine if a low glycemic load diet reduces the gain of body fat and insulin resistance during the last half of pregnancy in obese women.

The objective of this prospective randomized clinical study was to compare anesthesia, in morbidly obese patents (BMI >50) who underwent BPD-RYGBP with either sevoflurane or propofol with remifentanyl.

The reinforcing value of food, or how much a person "wants" a food, is an important determinant of food intake. Thus far, food reinforcement has only been studied in laboratory settings, and no studies have examined whether the reinforcing value of food is altered when dietary changes are made. The chronic deprivation that occurs when a low-calorie, low-fat diet is implemented for weight loss may increase the reinforcing value of all foods, but particularly for restricted high-fat foods. Greater increases in the reinforcing value of high-fat foods relative to low-fat foods may be detrimental for sustaining newly adopted eating behaviors that produce weight loss, whereas greater increases in the reinforcing value of low-fat foods relative to high-fat foods may aid in maintaining healthy eating behaviors. The aim of this application is to measure food reinforcement in a clinical setting to determine if food reinforcement changes when a traditional weight loss diet is prescribed. For this ancillary study, 147 volunteers will be recruited from the 165 overweight and obese women participating in the Program to Reduce Incontinence by Diet and Exercise (PRIDE) at The Miriam Hospital. As part of PRIDE, these participants will be randomized in a 2-to-1 ratio to either a 6-month weight loss intervention or usual care. Assessments of food reinforcement, dietary intake, and weight will occur at 0 and 6 months. Given that the intervention group changes their diet relative to the usual care group, it is hypothesized: 1) the intervention group will have greater increases in the reinforcing value of both high- and low-fat foods than the usual care group from 0 to 6 months; and 2) within the intervention group, decreases in frequency of consumption of high-fat foods will be related to increases in the reinforcing value of high-fat foods from 0 to 6 months. These results will lead to a novel line of research, examining the relationship between food reinforcement and weight loss maintenance, so that diets can be designed to promote changes in food reinforcement that aid in sustaining dietary changes and weight loss.

This is a randomized controlled trial comparing the use of the Mobius™ retractor to the use of traditional metal retraction instruments in non-urgent cesarean deliveries of obese women. The Mobius™ retractor was designed for abdominal surgery to improve visualization of the surgical field through standard surgical incisions and is now a standard instrument used for cesarean deliveries at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital. We hypothesize that the use of the Mobius™ retractor during cesarean deliveries in obese women decreases operative time, blood loss, number of transfusions, infectious morbidity, incision length, and intra- / post-operative antiemetic and pain medication use, while increasing surgeon satisfaction.

Aim 1: To measure levels of microglia using the radiotracer [11C]PBR28 and PET brain imaging in obese (n=50) vs. lean individuals (n=50). The investigators will recruit 100 subjects who will participate in a single [11C]PBR28 scan to measure levels of TSPO, a marker of microglia. Aim 2: To determine differences in brain functional connectivity at rest and in response to a decision- making task in obese (n=50) vs. lean individuals (n=50) using fMRI imaging. The same subjects from Aim 1 will participate in a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) followed by a decision making task during fMRI acquisition. Aim 3: To assess whether acute elevation of lipid levels through intralipid infusion in lean, healthy individuals (n=20) will induce microglial activation. 20 lean individuals will be recruited to participate in a paradigm that includes a baseline [11C]PBR28 scan, an infusion of intralipid, and a second [11C]PBR28 scan approximately 4 hours post intralipid infusion. The investigators will attempt to utilize subjects from aim 1 in order to use their baseline scans for this paradigm. Aim 4: To determine whether there are differences in levels of microglia between individuals with and without type 1 diabetes (n=20). 20 patients with diabetes (type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes)will be recruited to participate in a single [11C]PBR28 scan to compare to Aim 1 participants.