Active clinical trials for "Obesity"

ACTION China is a cross-sectional, observational, descriptive, and exploratory survey-based study without collection of laboratory data. The study is not related to any specific treatment options or pharmaceutical product. Collection of data will be performed via quantitative online survey by a third-party vendor. The goal of this study is to provide insights to drive awareness around the needs of People Living with Obesity (PLwO) and Health Care Professionals (HCPs) involved in obesity treatment and management.

The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of sarcopenic obesity (SO) on weight loss outcomes and improvement of quality of life after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

Obesity is a global epidemic and a major contributor to some of the leading causes of death. Although research on overweight and obesity is constantly increasing, to date, in the Italian panorama, there is a lack of (A) rigorous psychological measurement tools of obesity-related constructs and (B) analysis of the relationships between constructs (and indicators) involved in the development and maintenance of overweight and obesity. The present study aims to examine the psychometric properties of the main questionnaires for the assessment of eating behaviors in 3 groups of subjects (1) the general population (control group); (2) subjects with obesity without a comorbid diagnosis of an eating disorder; (3) subjects with obesity and a comorbid diagnosis of an eating disorder.

In the present study, the authors aimed to determine food skills and cooking skills, and eating behaviors, and to evaluate the relationship between food skills and cooking skills, and eating behaviors in people with overweight or obesity. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 185 people with overweight or obesity. The researchers collected the study data using the face-to-face interview method through a questionnaire including the Descriptive Information Form, Cooking Skills and Food Skills Scale, and Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R21. Numbers, percentages, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Student's t-test, Pearson Chi-Square test, and multiple linear regression analysis were used in the analysis of the data.

Peanuts and tree nuts (almonds, pistachios, walnuts, pecans, pine nuts, Brazil nuts, cashews, hazelnuts, macadamia nuts) (herein referred to as "nuts") are a good source of unsaturated fatty acids, vegetable protein, fibre, and polyphenolics. Nut intake has been associated with reduced cardiovascular disease risk and claims for this association have been permitted by the FDA; however, intake of tree nuts is low in Canada. One of the barriers to increasing the consumption of nuts is the perception that they may contribute to weight gain more than other "healthy foods" owing to their high energy density. The evidence supporting this concern, however, is lacking. In a series of earlier systematic reviews and meta-analyses, we have shown that nuts improve glycemic control and metabolic syndrome criteria, findings which run contrary to any expected weight gain. However, it remains unclear whether nuts have an increasing, neutral, or even decreasing effect on body weight. To address the uncertainties, the investigators propose to conduct a series of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the totality of the evidence from randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies to investigate the effect of nut consumption on body weight and adiposity. The findings generated by this proposed knowledge synthesis will help improve the health of consumers through informing evidence-based guidelines and improving health outcomes by educating healthcare providers and patients, stimulating industry innovation, and guiding future research design

High body weight is protective against hip and spine fracture, but has been found to increase the risk of humerus, foot and ankle fracture. Increasing understanding of the actions of adipokines on bone suggests that there may be complex effects on different aspects of bone geometry and microarchitecture and that these effects may vary depending on whether adipokines act directly on bone cells or through the central nervous system and between cortical and trabecular compartments. Previous research is limited by the use of areal dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans which may be inaccurate in obese populations due to increased body thickness. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of obesity on bone mineral density, bone geometry, bone microarchitecture and bone strength of the hip, lumbar spine, distal radius and tibia. This is an observational, cross-sectional study of normal weight and obese individuals matched by age, gender, height, postcode and smoking. The total number of subjects will be 240; men and premenopausal women ages 25 to 40 years and men and postmenopausal women ages 55 to 75 years. DXA, high-resolution peripheral computed tomography (HR-pQCT), quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and finite element analysis will be used to assess bone structure and strength. Biochemical markers of bone turnover and hormones related to bone metabolism will also be measured in order to identify potential mediators of the effects of obesity on bone structure and strength. A sub-study has been included to evaluate the interaction of fracture risk and cardiovascular risk in obese and non-obese individuals. There is evidence of an interaction between bone mineral density (BMD) and cardiovascular risk and test the hypothesis that there are common pathways linking BMD and cardiovascular risk, including fat secretion of inflammatory cytokines e.g. interleukin-1 and adipokines e.g. leptin and adiponectin. Ultrasound based assessments of vascular function will be used to assess cardiac risk and relate these measures to bone density. Obese individuals have lower circulating levels of 25OHD. This may be due to poor nutritional intake, reduced sunlight exposure or the vitamin D being stored in fat tissue. The investigators will measure levels of 25OHD in lean, overweight and obese men and women to examine whether 25(OH)D is related to age or gender and whether low 25OHD in obesity affects bone health in subsets of lean, overweight and obese participants of different ages.

This study will focus on a population of antipsychotic (AP) naïve adolescents and young adults and will measure fat accumulation in relation to exposure to atypical antipsychotic medications.

Uraemic sarcopenia is complex, and progressive . As older persons are particularly susceptible to renal failure and this accelerates the physiological muscle wasting in this patient group. Hence sarcopenia is an important factor of functional impairment in elderly patients suffering from chronic kidney disease. On the other hand, overweight has become increasing common in dialysis patients, and is paradoxically reported to be associated with better survival. It remains unclear if adipose tissue in overweight in elderly dialysis patients is a source of proinflammatory mediators, which could contribute to protein-energy wasting (PEW), cardiovascular disease, and increased mortality. This study attempts to explore the prevalence of Sarcopenic Obesity (SO) in a cohort of hemodialysis patients with a more well defined criteria. In addition, this study aims to examine the association between sarcopenia and SO with metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in these patients.

Low-income children and children of obese parents are at high risk of obesity. Effective interventions are needed to target these families to improve the health of the parents and prevent obesity in the children. The hypothesis is that an intervention that combines engagement of community organizations, motivational interviewing (MI, a technique proven to help people set goals that are personally meaningful), and resource mobilization will change diet and physical activity habits among disadvantaged families. This proposal grew from an established community-based participatory research (CBPR) partnership between the research team and community organizations that serve high minority (45-55%), low-income populations. Partners include a community health center, a food pantry network, a work-force training program, and other agencies. These partners designed and implemented a successful pilot project on which this proposal is based. The specific aims of this proposal are 1) To evaluate the efficacy of a family-targeted obesity intervention based on MI and resource-mobilization. Hypotheses: In comparison to control families, families participating in the intervention will demonstrate a) a reduction in BMI for adults, b) an increase in minutes of moderate physical activity and decreased sedentary time for both adults and children accelerometer), and c) a reduction in the number of obesity risk behaviors and an increase in obesity prevention behaviors among children. 2) To examine the mediators of intervention effects. 3) Identify the types of resources needed most often by intervention families to support lifestyle change. This randomized controlled trial includes 260 low-income families that contain at least one obese adult and one normal or overweight child between 6 and 12. The 12-month intervention has two elements. 1) A health coach will use MI to help families explore ambivalence toward and motivations for change and set goals for improving diet and physical activity. 2) To support goals, families will be connected with community agencies that can assist with general (e.g., financial) and goal specific resources (e.g., food, physical activity opportunities). Collaboration between organizations will streamline referrals, maximize resources, and facilitate access. Control families will get a basic screen for needs and information about available community resources. Outcomes are measured at baseline, 6, 12, and 18 months. This intervention is innovative in that it 1) focuses on lifestyle changes for the entire family and measures outcomes in adults and children, 2) combines MI focused on the entire family and community resource referrals specific to family needs and goals for change, 3) partners community organizations to coordinate resources for families, and 4) involves partners in all research phases via a CBPR approach. This contribution will be significant because the proposed intervention, if successful, can be replicated elsewhere and adapted to the local resource environment to address adult obesity and prevent childhood obesity in a high-risk population. The study will also identify the types of resources low-income families need to change diet and physical activity.

Obesity is a chronic disease and its treatment requires close follow-up to accurately assess the efficacy and durability of any treatment strategy. It is widely accepted that bariatric surgery patients require lifetime follow-up to assess for weight loss, co-morbidity changes, and nutritional deficiencies. The study objective was to ascertain efficacy of weight loss and complication rates in 562 consecutive cases of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) in a single surgeon practice.