Active clinical trials for "Obesity"

Controversy exists about the role of dietary glycemic index (GI) and fat content and cardiovascular risk. Our aim was to assess the long term effects of altering dietary GI, carbohydrate, and fat on body weight, lipids, glucose homeostasis, and C reactive protein (CRP) in overweight and obese subjects. Men and post-menopausal women with body mass index values between 28-38 kg/m2 were placed on an isoweight average American diet for 5 weeks, then randomized to one of 4 diets which differed in GI, carbohydrate and fat content with calorie restriction for 12 weeks. The same diets were continued for 5 weeks under isoweight conditions, and in the free-living state for 48 weeks.

Obesity in humans has been shown to result in the increased release of small inflammatory-inducing proteins, called cytokines, from the fat cells of the body. The investigators are interested in the effects of these cytokines on the mechanisms that control muscle mass and metabolism in the obese human. Previous research from work in cells and animals has shown the cytokines reduce the synthesis of muscle proteins and simultaneously enhance their rate of breakdown, resulting in a loss of muscle mass. Furthermore, research suggests that the same cytokines may inhibit carbohydrate oxidation, a pivotal step in muscle metabolism. However, despite these potential negative consequences for skeletal muscle function, the effect of low-level and persistent inflammation as seen in obese humans, remains largely unknown. In the current study, the investigators plan to measure the rates of synthesis and breakdown of muscle proteins in conjunction with rates of carbohydrate oxidation in obese older participants, and compare them to rates determined in healthy non-obese individuals. Furthermore, participants will undergo a 12-week course of either pioglitazone, an insulin sensitiser often prescribed to type II diabetics, or a placebo. Pioglitazone has been shown previously to normalise the levels of cytokines in the blood of chronically inflamed individuals. By repeating after the 12-week intervention period the initial measurements described above, and by accurately determining the levels of the cytokines, the identification of the negative effects of obesity-induced inflammation in older adults on muscle metabolism will be determined.

The RAINBOW study is an NIH R01-funded randomized controlled trial to evaluate the clinical and cost effectiveness and implementation potential of a primary care integrated multicondition intervention program to help improve mood and weight for obese adults with clinically significant depressive symptoms. The ENGAGE study is a mechanistic investigation added to the main trial with funding through the NIH common fund for the Science of Behavior Change roadmap initiative. Beginning Jan 11, 2016, at least 100 of newly enrolled trial participants will be consented to undergo additional assays evaluating neurobiological mechanisms of self-regulation.

One-lung ventilation, even in patients with healthy weight, causes an impairment in gas-exchange and respiratory mechanics. We hypothesized that oxygenation during the one-lung ventilation in obese patients would be improved by applying inverse-ratio ventilation, reducing atelectasis in the dependent lung and resulting in reduced shunt. Because of the restrictive ventilatory effects of obesity, these patients often show a decreased functional residual capacity and decreased expiratory reserve volume, leading to an overall decreased tidal volume. These reduction leads to arterial hypoxemia, V-Q mismatch and Rt to Lt shunting. There are few studies on the one lung ventilation in obese patients about this prolonged inspiratory time ventilatory method. We plan to investigate the effect of this ventilation method in obese patients during one lung ventilation.

Background: Supplementation with the combination of Yerba maté, guarana and damiana (YGD) has been found to slow gastric emptying by 15 to 58%, and to induce a substantial weight loss over 45 days without changes in diet. Enhanced gastric emptying rate has been shown to reduce the satiating effect of food and may thereby promote obesity. Yerba maté and guarana are known to contain large amounts of caffeine, resins, saponins and tannins, whereas damiana contains ethereal oils, tannins and resins. Caffeine belongs to a class of compounds called methylxanthines and epidemiological studies suggest that caffeine might possess weight reducing properties. The sympathomimetic properties of caffeine act to some extent through α- and β-adrenoreceptors, but most of the sympathoadrenergic stimulation caused by caffeine (even in very small doses) acts through the dual ability to antagonise adenosine and to inhibit the activity of cellular cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system can cause suppression of hunger, enhance satiety and increase of energy expenditure covered in part by increased fat oxidation. Aim: To evaluate the effect of YGD combination or Akavar 20-50 (A20-50) compared with placebo on: Acute change in 4-h subjective appetite sensations Acute change in ad libitum energy intake (EI) 30 minutes post intake Acute change in serum glucose, insulin, ghrelin and other appetite-regulating hormones (glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), cholecystokinin (CCK)) Subjects: 19 , healthy, premenopausal, overweight to obese (BMI between 27 and 32 kg/m2) women(age: 18 to 45 years). Method: The study is designed as a 3-way crossover, randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind study. The bioactive components will be administered as capsules containing YGD or A20-50. The placebo capsules will contain rice flower. The subjects will undergo following treatments: YGD capsules A20-50 capsules Placebo capsules On each test day the subjects will be instructed to rest in a supine position for 15 minutes before dual measures of blood pressure and HR. A blood sample will be taken (baseline). The subject's appetite sensations will also be assessed by visual analogue scales (VAS) prior to intake of the test compound. Immediately hereafter the subjects will be served the first dose of the test compound. Blood samples will be taken at 15 and 30 minutes (time 0) post test compound. After 30 minutes post test compound the subjects will be given a standard breakfast (2.5 MJ = 598 kcal). Additional blood samples will be taken 15 minutes 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 240 minutes post-meal, together with a VAS appetite score assessment (0, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 240 minutes). Immediately after the last blood collection subjects will be asked to take a second dose of the test compound. After 30 minutes the subjects will repeat one VAS score assessment and be served an ad libitum lunch. Blood samples will be analyzed for insulin, glucose, and appetite regulating hormones such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK).

The study aims to evaluate the possible effects of an exercise program, nutritional and psychological, postural orientation and guidance of oral health on body composition, physical activity levels and lifestyle, physical fitness and health and motor performance, the factors risk of cardiovascular disease, eating habits, the cognition levels, the psychological profile, the body posture of children and adolescents with overweight and obesity, considering the presence of risk genotype associated with the development of obesity. In addition, identify the effects of orientation for oral health on the quality of life and healthy oral habits.

It has been suggested that obesity occurs because the colonic microbes in obese individuals, compared to those who are lean, produce more short chain fatty acids during the fermentation of dietary fiber; this means that obese individuals obtain more energy from dietary fiber than lean. On the other hand, it is possible that the ability of colonic short chain fatty acids to improve glycemic control and suppress appetite may be reduced in obese subjects. The aim of this study was to determine the acute effects of 2 fibers commonly used as food ingredients, inulin and resistant starch, on postprandial serum responses of short chain fatty acids, glucose, insulin, free-fatty acids and selected gut hormones in lean and overweight or obese subjects.

Background To evaluate clinical results, insulin resistance and inflammatory response to trauma in morbidly obese patients undergoing laparoscopic Sleeve gastrectomy who received either traditional preoperative care or treatment following the ACERTO protocol.

Using a cluster randomized controlled design, this study will evaluate effects of in-store healthy food marketing strategies on sales and purchase of specific healthier items in six product categories (milk, frozen entrees, beverage checkout coolers, salty snacks, bread and cheese); and examine the effects of changes in in-store food marketing environments on sales of healthier foods. If these strategies are found to be effective, they could be used widely to encourage healthy retail sales, complement food access initiatives, and reduce health disparities in obesity and other diseases. Supermarkets will be the unit of randomization, intervention, and analysis.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of aging and weight loss on iron status and immune response in obese women. Iron deficiency and immune impairment are two of the numerous complications of obesity. The central hypothesis is that obesity-induced inflammation causes lower iron status through decreased iron absorption and availability in young and older obese women. Furthermore, the investigators hypothesize that this can be corrected with weight loss in both young and older obese women.