Active clinical trials for "Obesity"

White adipose tissue-related diseases spread from excess (obesity) to lack (lipoatrophies) through aberrant distribution (lipodystrophies), these 3 different disorders being paradoxically able to induce a metabolic insulin resistance syndrome. The respective part of quantitative and qualitative anomalies of adipose tissue, gluco- and lipo-toxicity, liver and muscle insulin resistance, low-grade fat inflammation and immune alterations are not perfectly understood in the metabolic syndrome yet. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess different cytokines, especially interleukin 7, and metabolic parameters as well as fat mass distribution with DEXA and RMN, in different models of fat distribution, including normal-weight, obese and lipodystrophic patients. A plasma serum, gene and adipose tissue bank will be constituted at the same time to improve our knowledge in disorders linking fat mass, insulin resistance and immunity, especially in lipodystrophies, a rare monogenic model of insulin resistance.

The VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL; NCT 01169259) is a randomized clinical trial in 20,000 U.S. men and women investigating whether taking daily dietary supplements of vitamin D3 (2000 IU) or omega-3 fatty acids (1 gram of omega-3 fatty acids) reduces the risk of developing cancer, heart disease, and stroke in people who do not have a prior history of these illnesses. This ancillary study (VITAL Adiposity) is being conducted among participants in VITAL and will examine the effect of vitamin D or fish oil on changes in body composition and adiposity (baseline compared to 2 year, as measured by anthropometric indices, total and regional body fat and adipokines) and assess whether changes in cardiovascular risk factors (lipids, glucose tolerance, blood pressure) are mediated by these parameters. How achieved 25(OH)D levels are affected by body composition and body mass will also be assessed.

Upper airway obstruction (UAO) during induction of general anesthesia is a frequently occurring complication. The mechanism of UAO during anesthesia shares many similarities with the upper airway obstruction observed during obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Obesity is major risk factors for OSA and obese patients have a higher prevalence of UAO during anesthesia. The change of body position improved upper airway stability during sleep in patients with OSA.We hypothesis that the 30˚ reverse trendelenburg body position maintain airway patency in obese patients during general anesthesia.

Two-thirds of young women in the United States are overweight or obese. This excess weight may affect how their body metabolizes drugs such as different birth control methods. There is a not a lot of research about how excess weight could affect the hormone levels of the contraceptive implant. Methods like the implant contain only progesterone, which is a hormone that does not increase a woman's risk of blood clot. These methods would be preferred for overweight and obese women because excess weight also increases a woman's risk of blood clot. The investigators propose a study comparing blood hormone levels of women using the implant for at least twelve months and in all weight categories. The investigators hope to show that all women, regardless of weight, will have hormone levels high enough to prevent pregnancy.

The study is seeking to understand how being overweight and obese makes women less fertile. The studies the investigators have done so far indicate that there is a hormone or other substance produced by fat that goes into the blood and reduces reproductive hormones in women who are overweight and obese. The present study will try to find the most promising substances by studying small numbers of women and trying to remove the substances that are causing the problem. Hypothesis: A circulating factor or factors, either hormonal, inflammatory or metabolic, causes relative pituitary hypofunction and correction of this reproductive deficit will allow obese women with infertility who have failed to reduce their body weight to normal to conceive, and may also prevent the horizontal passage of an adverse metabolic phenotype to the offspring.

Methods: This study will be a three-year mixed methods study, including the identification of obesity issues among children with chronic conditions in the first phase study (2013/10/01-2014/07/31), development of an intervention protocol in the second phase study (2014/08/01-2015/07/31), and conduction/evaluation of an intervention of lifestyle intervention in the third phase study (2015/08/01-2016/07/31). Firstly, anthropometry, healthy lifestyles questionnaire survey on children aged 7-12 and school environment audit will be conducted. By using the literature review, meta-analysis and focus-research approaches to develop a healthy lifestyle intervention protocol in the second year program. The protocol will be tested on a sample of school-age children with asthma, to develop a school-based and family-involved healthy lifestyle intervention. Finally, the protocol will be undertaken on children with asthma aged 10-15, by using an experimental (pretest-posttest) design with repeated follow-ups. The research subjects will be randomly assign to condition of receiving intervention or control; the measurement of the outcome across 4 observations, to assess both group differences (experimental comparison), and changes within groups. The interventions consist of healthy diet (X1), regular exercise (X2), and booster energy balance-related behaviors (BEBRB) (X3). The observations start from baseline (O1), then have three observations (O2, O3, O4) at 3-month interval respectively. Outcome indicators include height, body weight, waist circumference as well as healthy life style modification present by diet record, exercise diary, healthy life environments. The research subjects will consist of randomly sampled school-age children and their fathers (or mothers), school teachers and school nurses. The approximate sample size is estimated by power analysis and dropout rate, the eligible sample size will be 200 and 160 pairs of children with their parents, school teachers and nurses in the first and third year respectively.

The aim of this protocol is to use a multidisciplinary approach to convey nutrition and activity messages to randomly selected Hadassah Medical Center employees. The intervention will be for one academic year and include frontal talks, email and internet focus group interactions, public demonstrations and a focused intervention within the hospital kitchen. The outcomes are specific parameters of dietary modifications, degree of physical activity and health related perspectives. Outcomes will be recorded at baseline and by the end of the intervention ( one year).

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the Healthy Lifestyles Passport Program (HLPP) in preventing infant and childhood obesity. It is hypothesized that the participants in the intervention arm will exhibit less excessive weight-for-length gain from 4- to 6-months of age. In 2-years and 5-years, it is predicted that the participants in the intervention arm will yield lower Body Mass Index (BMI) z-scores than the participants in the control arm, who receive usual care.

Problematic and state of the art Obesity and its associated non communicable diseases (NCDs) are rising rapidly in middle income countries, such as those in the Maghreb (North Africa). This progression is related to the context of a nutrition transition (changing food and physical activity environment) and profound changes in technological advances and in society. These societies and their health systems are insufficiently prepared for this evolution, which has enormous health and socioeconomic consequences. In the context of limited resources, the priority has been given on an international level to prevention. But several problems arise: - these countries are still confronted by undernutrition in terms of micronutrient deficiencies, which coexist with obesity and NCDs, including at a family level and also individual level. Known as the 'double burden', this coexistence is relatively new and has been rarely documented until recently. Educational measures could be ineffective in a society where cultural norms do not recognise obesity and where changes in lifestyle are possibly not seen as acceptable. As well as information about citizen's knowledge of risk factors, data on their perceptions and attitudes are indispensable. Policies that involve changing the 'obesogenic' environment that individuals occupy is a priority. Objectives of the project Overall aim: to contribute to the development of preventive strategies for obesity and chronic NCDs in the context of a nutrition transition. Specific objectives: characterise the nature and size of the double burden (obesity/undernutrition) in regions, families and individuals; estimate the prevalence of biological and behavioural risk factors; characterise the psycho-sociocultural determinants of behaviour.

Morbid obesity (MO) is associated with several disorders such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipemia and degenerative arthropathy that require pharmacological treatment. Drug bioavailability and metabolism in patients with MO is altered compared to population controls. Bariatric surgery is the gold standard treatment for MO when conventional therapy fails. Bariatric surgery techniques can modify drug absorption in MO patients. These modifications depend on the drug absorption characteristics and on the bariatric surgery technique used. The changes in weight and body composition caused by BS at middle term can alter drug bioavailability and metabolism. The kinetics of the "normalization" process in patients with MO after bariatric surgery is unknown Objectives. To analyze the changes in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. To establish drug dosing criteria in the post-intervention period in patients with MO after bariatric surgery. To determine the relationship between changes in drug bioavailability and metabolism in MO after bariatric surgery (longitudinal gastrectomy and Y-roux gastric by-pass).