Active clinical trials for "Obesity"

0-hypothesis: advisory support does not prolong the the breast-feeding period minimize the risk of obesity and metabolic dysfunction in infants of obese mothers

Objectives: We conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of Students for Nutrition and eXercise (SNaX), a middle-school-based obesity-prevention intervention combining school-wide environmental changes, multimedia, encouragement to eat healthy school cafeteria foods, and peer-led education and marketing. Methods: We randomly selected schools from the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD) and assigned five to the intervention group and five to a wait-list control group. School records were obtained for number of fruits and vegetables served, students served lunch, and snacks sold per attending student. Pre- and post-intervention surveys assessed psychosocial variables among 2,997 seventh-graders (75% of all seventh-graders across schools). Hypotheses: For the RCT of SNaX, we hypothesized that SNaX would lead to increases in the proportion of students served in the cafeteria (because SNaX markets cafeterias' healthy foods); increased fruit and vegetable servings (because SNaX increases access to sliced/bite-sized fruits and vegetables); decreased school store snack sales; and greater water consumption. We also hypothesized that SNaX would lead to more positive attitudes about the cafeteria and water, improve obesity-prevention knowledge, and increase intentions to drink water.

The use of preoperative TAP block in laparoscopic bariatric surgery can improve the postoperative pain and quality of recovery in patients undergoing these procedures.

The goal of this research is to study the prevalence of sleep disordered breathing and associated morbidity in obese children and to examine the role of diet and physical activity in the treatment of sleep-disordered breathing in obese children.

In an attempt to challenge the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity, many programs have been executed in order to improve childrens' lifestyle. Programs involved either school, family or environmental measures. In most, success was only limited. The purpose of this trial is to examine the ability of a low-cost multi-component program to improve behavioral, diet and activity habits in both school, family and afternoon settings. Ths ultimate goal is to construct and assess a lifestyle modification program that can be implemented in schools and kindergartens on a national level. Participants will be ~2,500 children aged 5-12 from 22 kindergartens and elementary schools, divided into control and intervention centers. Teachers and students will be provided with materials in order to perform activities on healthy food and drink choices and habits during the school day. Schools will offer increased physical activity opportunities to children, as will afternoon community centers. Children will be given personal exercise items. Parents will be offered lectures on topics of diet and activity. Diet and activity habits will be assessed by a questionnaire, and height, weight and body fat percentage will be measured before and after the program.

The objective of this project was to evaluate a population-based, computerized tailored intervention that addresses recommended guidelines for three target behaviors related to obesity risk: physical activity (at least 60 minutes on at least 5 days per week), fruit and vegetable consumption (at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables each day), and limited TV viewing (2 hours or less of TV each day).

In its simplest terms, obesity is the results of a positive balance between food intake and energy expenditure (EE). I.e., we take in more energy, in the form of food, than we expend, e.g., by exercise. In our sedentary society, resting EE accounts for most of total energy expenditure. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS, the one that produces adrenaline) is thought to contribute to resting EE. This conclusion is based on experiments where resting EE is decreased by beta-blockers, high blood pressure medicines that block only one aspect of the sympathetic nervous system. The investigators propose to use a different approach, by using a medication called trimethaphan that produces transient withdrawal of the autonomic nervous system. The investigators will then compare the measured resting EE before and after SNS withdraw and quantify the degree of contribution to the resting EE by the SNS and delineate differences between healthy normal, healthy obese, and patients with autonomic dysfunctions.

This pilot study on the impact of a non-commercialism policy in Seattle schools will assess and evaluate obesity-related health outcomes of a real-life policy decision, recently voted on and adopted by the Seattle School Board. The policy reduces the exposure to advertising and other marketing pressures, including those from commercial food vendors.

The projects funded by this grant, primarily focus on environmental factors that promote weight-gain in the general human population, and how to modify these factors, to prevent further weight-gain in the future. In the coming years, the researchers at the University of Colorado-HSC hope to gain an understanding as to how small changes in diet and physical activity can be achieved and sustained to prevent weight-gain.

Assesing the impact of mentoring on the lifestyle choices of adolescents who are overweight